Peer-Review Model & Evaluation Standards
All submissions are evaluated in accordance with the peer-review model and editorial policies stated on the respective journal website. Manuscripts may undergo an initial editorial assessment before being sent for external review.
Publication decisions are based on the manuscript's academic quality, originality, relevance, methodological soundness, ethical compliance, and reviewers' recommendations, as applicable.
Strict APC Independence Principle
Payment of any applicable article processing charge does not guarantee acceptance or influence the outcome of peer review. The publisher supports editorial independence and expects editors and reviewers to maintain confidentiality, disclose conflicts of interest, and treat authors fairly throughout the evaluation process.
